Freemen (Unreformed)

• Freemen (Unreformed); pre-1155-1835

Not every resident of York was a freemen, and not all freemen were residents. Prior to 1835, the freemen formed the electorate, served as the civic administration, and returned Members of Parliament. The proportion of locally-born and incoming freeman varied over time, and did the cost and ease of access. Honorary freemen were also appointed, often royality or members of the nobility. The corporation strictly regulated the freedom, punishing unfree offenders and overseeing the guilds.

Freedom could be gained by patrimony, servitude/apprenticeship, or purchased. A fee was paid and an oath taken before the Lord Mayor.

Freemen were legally able to practice a craft or trade as a master and enjoy the privileges of the city such as exemptions from tolls. Freeman had the use of the strays (common lands) and could take part in the running of the city as elected or appointed members or officials. Both men and women could become freemen.

Not every resident of York was a freemen, and not all freemen were residents. Prior to 1835, the freemen formed the electorate, served as the civic administration, and returned Members of Parliament. The proportion of locally-born and incoming freeman varied over time, and did the cost and ease of access. Honorary freemen were also appointed, often royality or members of the nobility. The corporation strictly regulated the freedom, punishing unfree offenders and overseeing the guilds.

International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families - ISAAR(CPF) - Ottawa

VCH York,